Ad & creative glossary

Plain-language definitions of the terms behind ad creative — sizes, ratios, file weight, formats, metrics and the media-buying vocabulary. Every term links to the specs and to related terms.

93 terms

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A/B Testing Running two or more variants of a creative, headline, or landing page against each other to see which one performs better on a chosen metric like CTR or conversion rate. You split traffic between versions, let the data accumulate, then kill the loser and scale the winner. Done systematically it's how media buyers turn a break-even campaign into a profitable one instead of guessing. Media buying Account Farming The practice of creating, warming up, and aging ad accounts so they look like real long-term users before you push aggressive offers through them. Farmers add spend history, page likes, and normal activity to build trust with the platform, then run campaigns that would instantly ban a fresh account. It's core to gray-hat media buying on Facebook, Google, and TikTok where accounts get banned faster than they can be replaced. Media buying Ad Moderation The review process a traffic source runs on your ads, landing pages, and account to decide whether they pass policy before or after going live. Moderation can be automated, manual, or both, and it's the gatekeeper that bans creatives, disapproves offers, and kills accounts in gray verticals. Media buyers spend heavily on cloaking and white pages specifically to slip past it. Media buying Ad Set The middle level of a Meta/Facebook campaign, sitting between the campaign and the individual ads. This is where you set the audience, placements, budget, schedule, and bid — every ad inside the set shares those settings. Splitting audiences or placements into separate ad sets lets you test and scale them independently. Media buying Ad Spend The total money paid to traffic sources to run campaigns, before any revenue is counted. It's the denominator for ROI and ROAS, so buyers track it per campaign, source, and day to see what each dollar returns. Watching spend pacing stops you from burning budget on a creative before it has data — or long after it stopped converting. Media buying Affiliate Program An arrangement where a brand pays partners a commission for driving registrations, sales or deposits, usually tracked through unique links and postbacks. Programs run either in-house by the advertiser or through a CPA network that aggregates many offers. For media buyers it defines the payout model, terms and caps that decide whether traffic is worth running. Affiliate Antidetect Browser A browser that spoofs each profile's digital fingerprint — user agent, canvas, fonts, timezone, WebGL — so sites see separate, unrelated devices. Combined with proxies, it lets a buyer run dozens of ad accounts from one machine without them getting linked and banned together. Dolphin, AdsPower, Multilogin, and GoLogin are common ones. Media buying AOV Average Order Value — the mean revenue per order, calculated as total revenue / number of orders. Lifting it with upsells, bundles, or higher-priced offers raises ROAS without needing cheaper traffic. It's a key lever in e-commerce and COD verticals, where a few extra dollars per order can flip a campaign into profit. Metrics Aspect Ratio The ratio of a creative's width to its height, written as width:height like 1:1 or 9:16. It sets the shape of your ad independent of pixel resolution, so a 1080×1080 and a 500×500 image share the same 1:1 ratio. Match the platform's required ratio or the ad gets cropped or letterboxed with bars. Sizes

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Banner Ad A rectangular image or HTML5 ad placed in fixed slots on websites and apps. Standard IAB sizes like 300x250, 728x90, and 320x50 dominate, so one creative set covers most of the display network. Cheap to run and quick to produce, but banner blindness keeps CTRs low. Ad formats Betting The sports-betting vertical, promoting bookmakers where users wager on football, cricket, esports, and more. Like gambling it pays on FTD, revshare, or a hybrid, and volume spikes hard around big tournaments and match days. GEO licensing is tight, and creatives ride live odds, free bets, and welcome bonuses to pull deposits. Affiliate Bitrate How much data a video uses per second, measured in kbps or Mbps. Higher bitrate means more detail and a bigger file; lower bitrate saves weight but introduces blockiness in fast motion. You tune it to hit acceptable quality while staying under the platform's file-weight cap. File weight Blacklist A list of placements, sources, or zones you exclude from a campaign because they don't convert or send junk traffic. The opposite of a whitelist. On native and push traffic you build it by cutting the widget and zone IDs that spend budget with no conversions. Media buying Bleed Extra image area extended past the final trim edge so that if the cut lands slightly off, no white slivers show along the border. Standard print bleed is about 3 mm (1/8 in) on each side. Screen ads don't need it; print and large-format do. Creative Bundle (Svyazka) The complete winning combination of offer, traffic source, creative, and funnel that produces profit, known in Russian-speaking affiliate circles as a svyazka. When a media buyer says they found a bundle, they mean a repeatable setup that's currently converting, not just a single element. Bundles burn out as traffic sources saturate or moderation tightens, so finding fresh ones is the constant grind of the job. Media buying

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Campaign The top level of an ad account where you set the objective, budget, and often the bidding strategy for a batch of ads. It holds ad sets (targeting and placement), which hold the individual ads. Structure campaigns by goal or offer so budget and optimization don't fight each other. Media buying Carousel Ad A single ad unit holding multiple swipeable cards, each with its own image, headline, and link. Good for showing several products, a step-by-step story, or one panorama split across cards. Meta and most social platforms want square 1080x1080 (1:1) card images and count each card's clicks separately. Ad formats Chargeback When a customer disputes a charge with their bank and forces a refund, reversing a transaction the affiliate may have already been paid on. High chargeback rates hurt the advertiser's payment processing and often trigger clawbacks, holds or shaving on the affiliate side. Common in rebill, crypto and low-trust verticals, so buyers watch it as a traffic-quality signal. Affiliate Cloaking Showing the ad network's reviewer a clean, compliant "safe page" while sending real users to the actual money page with the offer. Used to run offers that would fail moderation. It breaks almost every network's policy and can get the account banned. Media buying COD (Cash on Delivery) A model where the customer pays cash when the product arrives, instead of upfront online, dominant in nutra and e-commerce across Asia, Africa and Latin America. It lowers the barrier to convert, so lead volume is high, but many parcels get rejected at the door and payout hinges on confirmed delivery. Buyers track approval and delivery rates as closely as conversion rate. Affiliate Compression Shrinking a file by throwing out data the eye is least likely to miss. Lossy formats like JPG and H.264 discard detail for a much smaller size; lossless formats like PNG keep every pixel but stay heavy. Push it too far and you get visible artifacts — blocking, banding, muddy edges. File weight CPA (Cost Per Action) What one conversion costs you — a sale, sign-up, install, or lead, whatever you define as the "action." It's the truest performance metric because it counts results, not clicks or views. CPA = total spend / conversions; keep it below your profit per conversion and the campaign makes money. Metrics CPA Network An intermediary that aggregates advertiser offers and gives affiliates one platform to pick offers, pull tracking links, and get paid on a cost-per-action basis. It handles offer vetting, payout consolidation, and support, taking a margin between the advertiser rate and what it pays you. Your choice of network affects offer access, payout terms, and how much shaving or hold you deal with. Affiliate CPC (Cost Per Click) What you pay each time someone clicks your ad, no matter how many times it was shown. It ties spend to actual interest, so it's the go-to model for traffic and performance campaigns. CPC = total spend / clicks; it rises with competition and falls as your CTR and relevance improve. Metrics CPI Cost Per Install — what you pay for a single app install, the core metric in mobile app campaigns. CPI = spend / installs, and it's usually the price you bid or get charged on install-focused offers. It only measures the download, not whether the user opens the app or pays, so pair it with LTV or retention before scaling. Metrics CPL (Cost Per Lead) The average cost of acquiring one lead: someone who submits contact details like an email or phone number. Divide total ad spend by the number of leads collected. On CPL affiliate offers the advertiser pays a fixed sum per valid lead, so your job is to drive leads below that payout. Metrics CPM (Cost Per Mille) The price you pay per thousand ad impressions — "mille" is Latin for thousand. It's the default pricing model for awareness and reach buys, where you pay to be shown rather than for clicks. CPM = (total spend / impressions) × 1000. Metrics CR (Conversion Rate) The share of visitors who complete the target action (purchase, signup, install) out of everyone who clicked or landed: conversions divided by clicks or visits, as a percent. This is where the landing page and offer do the heavy lifting. Strong CTR with weak CR points at the page, not the ad. Metrics Crypto (vertical) The crypto vertical, promoting trading platforms, exchanges, and investment offers where users register and fund an account. Payouts are high and usually tied to an FTD or funded deposit, riding hype cycles when the market runs. Ad networks moderate it hard for scam risk, so buyers rely on white pages, prelanders, and cloaking to get approved. Affiliate CTR (Click-Through Rate) The share of people who click your ad after seeing it: clicks divided by impressions, as a percent. It's the fastest read on whether your creative and targeting grab attention. A low CTR usually means the creative, hook, or audience is off. Metrics

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Media Buyer The person who plans, launches, and optimizes paid campaigns to hit a profit or CPA target. They pick traffic sources, build creatives and landers, watch the tracker daily, and shift spend from losing placements to winners. In affiliate teams a buyer is judged on ROI, not clicks or impressions. Media buying Media Buying The practice of buying ad placements at scale — on ad networks, social platforms, or direct from publishers — to push traffic to offers and turn it into profit. Buyers test creatives and audiences, kill what loses, and scale what beats the target CPA. It's the core discipline behind performance marketing and affiliate campaigns. Media buying Mobile Proxy A proxy that routes traffic through a real mobile carrier IP over 3G/4G/5G. Since carriers share and rotate these IPs across thousands of subscribers, platforms are reluctant to ban them, making mobile proxies the most trusted — and priciest — option for risky accounts. Buyers reach for them in aggressive verticals where accounts get flagged fast. Media buying Mockup A realistic preview that shows a creative in its real context — an ad on a phone screen, a banner on a webpage, a poster on a wall. Use it to check how the design reads at actual size and in placement, and to present concepts to clients before launch. Creative MP4 (H.264) The container-plus-codec combo every major ad platform accepts: MP4 is the wrapper, H.264 (AVC) is the video codec, usually paired with AAC audio. It hits the best balance of quality, small file size, and universal playback, which is why Meta, TikTok, and YouTube all recommend it for uploads. Formats

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PNG A lossless raster format with full alpha transparency, best for logos, UI, text, and flat graphics with sharp edges. For photos the files run larger than JPG but stay crisp with no compression artifacts. Reach for PNG-24 when you need a transparent background; skip it for full photographic images. Formats Popunder An ad that opens in a new browser window or tab behind the page the user is viewing, surfacing only when they close or minimize the active window. It's cheap, high-volume, intrusive traffic sold on a CPM basis and popular for sweepstakes, gambling, and app installs where reach matters more than polish. Conversion quality is low, so you lean on volume and tight optimization. Ad formats Postback (S2S) A server-to-server signal that tells your tracker a conversion happened, without relying on a browser pixel. When a user converts, the affiliate network fires your postback URL and passes back the click ID, so the sale is matched to the exact click that drove it. It's more reliable than pixels because it survives ad-blockers, cookie loss, and cross-device gaps. Media buying Pre-Lander An intermediate page between the ad and the offer's landing page, used to pre-sell — an advertorial, quiz, listicle, or review that builds interest and filters out cold clicks before the real pitch. A good pre-lander lifts conversion rate and can ease ad-policy review by setting context. Common in nutra, sweepstakes, and gambling traffic. Media buying Proxy An intermediary server that routes your traffic through a different IP, hiding your real location and machine. Media buyers use proxies to manage multiple ad accounts, view offers and landers from the target geo, and stop the platform linking every account to one connection. Paired with an antidetect browser, each account gets its own clean IP. Media buying Push Notification Ad A clickable notification, complete with icon, title, and short text, delivered to a user's device or browser after they opted into a publisher's push list. Because it looks like a native system alert, it grabs attention and drives strong CTRs for verticals like crypto, gambling, and nutra. Traffic is cheap and volume is large, but subscriber lists age fast so freshness matters. Ad formats

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Rebill A recurring charge on a customer who signed up for a subscription or trial, and on revshare or hybrid deals the affiliate earns a cut of each successful one. Rebills can multiply payout far beyond the first sale, which is why buyers chase them, but chargebacks and cancellations eat into the stream. Strong retention is what turns a rebill offer into real profit. Affiliate Reels Ad A full-screen vertical 9:16 video ad in the Reels feed, sound-on and built to blend with native short-form clips. It uses the same 1080×1920 canvas and safe-zone rules as Stories, but sits in an endlessly scrollable video feed, so the first second and the audio do the work. Most run 15–30 seconds even though the format allows longer. Ad formats Reg2Dep The conversion rate from registration to first deposit, a key quality metric in gambling and betting funnels. A high reg2dep means your traffic and prelander are pulling in real players, not just idle signups. Media buyers watch it to spot weak sources and to justify RevShare or CPA rates with an advertiser. Affiliate Residential Proxy A proxy that routes traffic through a real home internet connection assigned by an ISP, so it reads as an ordinary user rather than a datacenter. Because ad platforms trust residential IPs far more, buyers use them to warm up and run ad accounts without tripping fraud flags. They cost more than datacenter proxies and are usually billed by the gigabyte. Media buying Resolution The pixel dimensions of a creative, width × height (for example 1080×1080). It sets how much detail the image holds: below the placement's required size it looks soft, above it just adds file weight. For high-density screens, upload at the spec or larger and let the platform downscale. Creative Retargeting Showing ads to users who already interacted with your funnel — visited the landing page, added to cart, or watched a video — but didn't convert. Because these people know your offer, retargeting audiences usually convert cheaper and higher than cold traffic, making it a staple for squeezing more ROI out of the same spend. You build the audiences from pixel data or uploaded customer lists. Media buying Retention Rate The share of users still active after a set window — day 1, day 7, day 30 — measured as retained users / starting users. Strong retention is what turns installs into LTV, so it tells you whether traffic is real and the product actually sticks. Weak day-1 retention is an early flag for junk traffic or a bad audience match. Metrics RevShare A payout model where the affiliate earns an ongoing percentage of the revenue a referred user generates, instead of a one-time fee. Common in gambling, betting and dating verticals, it pays out over the player's lifetime, so quality traffic keeps earning for months. Higher long-term upside than CPA, but slower to cash in and exposed to the advertiser's own retention and margins. Affiliate ROAS (Return On Ad Spend) Revenue generated for every dollar of ad spend: revenue divided by spend, shown as a ratio or percent. A ROAS of 4 (or 400%) means $4 back for every $1 in. Unlike profit it ignores product cost and fees, so set your break-even ROAS from margins before calling a campaign a winner. Metrics ROI Return on investment — the bottom-line read on whether a campaign made money after every cost, not just ad spend. ROI = (revenue − total cost) / total cost, shown as a percent; positive is profit, negative is a loss. Unlike ROAS it nets out product cost, fees, and tools, so it's the number that actually decides whether you scale or kill. Metrics ROMI Return On Marketing Investment — profit measured against everything you spent to earn it, not just media cost. The formula is (revenue − marketing costs) / marketing costs, so it folds in creatives, tools, and team on top of ad spend. Media buyers treat it as the sanity check above ROAS, since a 4x ROAS can still lose money once the full marketing bill lands. Metrics

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Safe Zone The central area of a creative you keep clear of important text and logos so the platform's UI (profile icon, caption, buttons, progress bar) doesn't cover them. Critical for vertical 9:16 stories and reels. Creative Shaving When a network or advertiser quietly under-reports your conversions, shaving off a percentage so they pay for fewer actions than you actually drove. It's hard to prove without your own tracker showing the gap, and it directly cuts EPC and ROI. Persistent shaving is the main reason buyers run independent tracking and reconcile numbers against the dashboard. Affiliate Smartlink A single URL that auto-routes each visitor to the best-converting offer based on geo, device, and OS, so you never manually match traffic to offers. Networks use them to monetize mixed or leftover traffic with near-zero setup. Payouts per action are usually lower than hand-picked offers, but the trade-off is that nothing goes unmonetized. Affiliate Spy Tools Services that scrape and archive competitors' live ads across networks: creatives, landing pages, and how long a campaign has been running. You use them to find winning angles, offers, and GEOs without testing from scratch. Media buying Stories Ad A full-screen vertical 9:16 ad that plays between Stories, sized 1080×1920. The app overlays the profile bar up top and the CTA at the bottom, so you keep key text and logos in the safe zone — clear of the top 14% and bottom 20% — or the interface covers them. Ad formats SubID A custom parameter you append to a tracking link to tag and segment traffic by placement, creative, zone, or audience. When SubIDs come back through your postback, you can see exactly which sources convert and which burn budget. That lets you blacklist junk zones and pour spend into the winners. Affiliate Sweepstakes A vertical built on prize giveaways — "win an iPhone," gift cards, cash — where the user just submits an email or fills a short form to enter. The barrier is a single opt-in, so conversions are cheap and volume is huge, which suits push, pop, and social traffic. Payouts per lead (SOI or DOI) are small, so you win on scale and a tight funnel rather than fat commissions. Affiliate

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TDS (Traffic Distribution System) A system that takes incoming clicks and routes each one to a different destination based on rules like geo, device, OS, or source. Buyers use a TDS to split-test landers, divert non-target traffic elsewhere, and serve reviewers a safe page while real users hit the money page. It overlaps heavily with cloaking and often lives inside the tracker. Media buying Teaser Ad A small image-plus-curiosity-headline unit placed in native widget blocks on content sites, built to provoke a click through to a prelander. CPCs are low, but performance lives or dies on the creative angle, so buyers rotate dozens of thumbnails and hooks. Heavy in nutra and shock verticals, which also means aggressive moderation you have to work around. Ad formats Tracker Software that records every click and conversion, splits traffic across offers or landers, and attributes results back to the source, campaign, and creative. It's the media buyer's source of truth — CPA, ROI, and which placement pays are read from the tracker, not the ad platform. Keitaro, Voluum, RedTrack, and Binom are common ones. Media buying Traffic Source The platform or network where you buy the clicks and impressions that feed your offers, such as Facebook, Google, TikTok, or ad networks like PropellerAds and RichAds. Each source has its own audience quality, formats, moderation strictness, and pricing, so the same offer can be profitable on one and dead on another. Picking the right source for your vertical is half the battle in media buying. Media buying

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